Annotated Bibliography On International Encryption Subversion

Nicholas Gambini Crypto Final Paper Dr. Landquist Intro to Crypto International Encryption Subversion Introduction: As implied by the fourth, ninth, and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all citizens of the United States have a right to privacy. In the digital age, where all of our most important and personal information is stored digitally, we must have a way to protect this digital content. To protect our data we use encryption where contents of files are scrambled and distorted and can only be made legible by someone who knows the decryption key. Governments in Europe, Asia, and America are currently engaged in undermining the encryption and privacy rights of their citizens either by demanding backdoors or†¦show more content†¦Apple responded with a case curiously omitted from the FBI’s argument; a federal judge found it inconceivable that the law could be used to compel a telecommunications provider to allow real-time tracking of a cellphone without a search warrant (Lichtblau). As support for Apple grew, Director of Privacy at Stanford Law School, Albert Gidari, LLM, published a paper detailing specifically why the FBI was wrong and why their argument was useless. In his paper he discusses the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, or CALEA. CALEA details what is and isn’t lawful assistance from telecommunications companies to the government. Within section 1002 lies these details: (1) Design of features and systems configurations. This subchapter does not authorize any law enforcement agency or office (a) to require any specific design of equipment, facilities, services, features, or system configurations to be adopted by any provider of a wire or electronic communication service, any manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, or any provider of telecommunications support services; (b) to prohibit the adoption of any equipment, facility, service, or feature by any provider of a wire or electronic communication service, any manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, or any provider of telecommunications support services. (Schneier) What this means is that it is unlawful for

The Ideal Person Free Essays

Nietzsche’s Ubermensch concept of the â€Å"ideal person† was able to achieve self-actualization, and has developed himself holistically. What Nietzsche meant by achieving self-actualization was to achieve one’s full potential through creativity, independence, spontaneity, and a grasp on the real world. I see an ideal person as someone who surrounds themselves with happiness and love even with no money or fame. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ideal Person or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people consider the ideal person beautiful and rich. But as many people may say, money doesn’t always bring happiness or love, it could lead to loneliness and emptiness, even with all of the material things. An ideal person, as lived their life without regrets. I do agree with an ideal person is someone who can achieve their full potential through everything they do. They put all their hard work and effort into what they need to accomplish and with the best of their ability. I believe this is the most important similarity with our ideal person as well as Nietzsche’s. A difference between our theories would be that we may see an ideal person as someone who is less fortunate but doing the best of their potential to provide for themselves and their family. And we would see that as with the resources they have and can afford then they are achieving a self-actualization. Nietzsche may be that as not a real ideal person, because someone might not look up to that certain person because they are not so called living the glam life, and having everything around them. He may think that he is not achieving his full self-actualization because of that, when really is he by being happy in life and grasping everything around him that he can and not taking it for granted. Nietzsche believes that the ideal person is high, rare, and far between and mainly mentions them as a â€Å"he†. In my belief the ideal person can be of any gender, by achieving greatness, and many people are ideal and not as rare as he mentions. With the main differences in mind I think that his Ubermensch is not plausible. He see’s the ideal person as a higher power and rare and far between, like the so called superman that is seen in comic books, that was created after his theory. His person is like a fantasy that people wish they were instead of being normal people around us that achieve their potentials and that are plausible. How to cite The Ideal Person, Papers

Good Will Hunting Essay Example For Students

Good Will Hunting Essay We could not be where we are today if great minds like Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton didn’t exist. These individuals helped create who and what we are today. Without their help our world would be a far more primitive one. These incredible people are said to have a gift, which few could only dream of. But what if these individuals decided in not using this gift. Then where would we be today? In the film â€Å"Good Will Hunting† Will Hunting is blessed with having this gift, but isn’t convinced if he should use it. Will kept his gift to himself. He wasn’t what society sees as a typical mathematical intellect, being well dressed, law biding, unathletic, and antisocial. Instead he played sports, fought a lot, used foul language, and drank excessively. He acted this way because it was the way he grew up and he didn’t want to be treated differently because of his gift. When a Hartford professor sees Will’s capabilities he can only think of the possibilities a great mind like Will’s could create. Will, on the other hand would rather work a labor-oriented job for the rest of his life. He believes his job as, a janitor or demolition laborer, are just as noble as any other. The truth is Will isn’t psychologically stable and therefore he doesn’t know what he really wants. His whole life he lived in different foster homes and was abused excessively by different people. This abuse leads him to live a life where he pushes people away because he’s scared of getting hurt. When Skylar, his girlfriend, asks him to move with her to California he automatically acts in his defense mode of pushing her away. He convinces himself that if they did go away together she would eventually leave him for a more economically stable guy that her mother would approve of. His psychologist (Robin Williams) realizes the psychological problem Will faces and understands that this problem must be dealt with before Will can decide what he really wants. The Hartford professor sees this only as a waste of intelligence that should be used. The Professor’s idea of the matter is that how intelligent an individual is compared to the accomplishments made by that individual determines the success of the individual. Will’s psychologist only sees success as a matter of truly finding what an individual wants. At the end of the movie Will makes a break through and realizes who he is. His first goal is to find Skylar and be with her. Then from there he can decide what he wants to do. Will does find success in the end because he realizes he wants to be with Skylar the love of his life. In the film Will is compared to the amazing mathematician Ramanujan. Ramanujan was born on December 22, 1887 and died April 26, 1920. At the age of 15 Ramanujan came across a book entitled A Synopsis of Elementary results in Pure and Applied Mathematics by George Shoobridge Carr. After reading and verifying the results in the book he developed his own theories and ideas. He lived in poor conditions and moved from school to school until he was no longer allowed. Ramanujan wasn’t considered a mathematical genius yet because of his lack of schooling and his poor grades in subjects other then math. It wasn’t until the support from Ramanchandra Rao that helped Ramanujan get into some schools and eventually be accepted as a math genius. What puzzled many is how Ramanujan understood things quickly on his own without ever being formally taught them. He made great contributions to many different areas of mathematics. Will is similar to Ramanujan in many ways. Both Will and Ramanujan lived in poor conditions and read books on their own to develop the foundation needed for higher-level education. Both Will and Ramanujan had a gift, which could not be explained. .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 , .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .postImageUrl , .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 , .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297:hover , .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297:visited , .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297:active { border:0!important; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297:active , .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297 .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2fa6bdeb270e85863a2b878da0e3d297:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Full Metal Jacket EssayWhat would this world be today if Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton never existed. No one knows for sure. Maybe someone else would come up with the ideas the two developed or maybe we would still be wondering why an apple falls off a tree. The truth is an individual should be left to do what he or she wants to regardless of the talents he or she has. If Will decides to use his gift to enhance our world then that is great maybe better things will come, but he should be left with the choice to do what he wants.

Kidscity in Melbourne, Australia

Need for Kidscity Kidcity is not a simple entertaining center, it is a unique edutainment where children can work and get salary. Many students have problems with profession choice as they do not know what responsibilities each occupation comprises. It is important to entertain children with something. It is also important to understand that the main purpose of edutainment is to attract children’s attention to one of the issues and hold it for some time there. Thus, children learn something without being made (Okan 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kidscity in Melbourne, Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kidscity Concept Kidcity is the centre which is going to offer children different occupations, pay them money, and offer the shops where they can spend earned money. This Kidcity is aimed at providing with the possibilities for trying jobs on the basis of KidZania, a theme park in Japan (Spoo ky 2009). Working as firefighters, doctors, etc. children can try different jobs, have their money and understand the value of it while spending them in the center on the territory of Kidcity. Only children between 4 and 16 are going to be allowed in the center. Others, including parents, will not. This is going to be a replica of a real city with streets, buildings, retails and different vehicle going around city. A theme park is a place where children can decide what they want to be when they grow up by actually doing the job and earn money. The currency in the Kidscity is called ‘Kidzos’. Center Development Possibilities The center has many opportunities in the development, starting with the implementation of new jobs connected with the infrastructure development and concluding with the territorial increase (with the possibility to creation of another city with different jobs). Market and Competition Having considered the child care industry in Melbourne, it is possi ble to state that there is no such center in the city, as well as in the whole country. Considering a venture as an educative one, it may be stated that it is not going change the secondary school attendance, as we have absolutely different direction and our center is not compulsory (McMIllan 2011b). Moreover, the child care services in Australia are usually provided for children under 12 years old (McMIllan 2011a). Our Kidcity is going to reduce this level up to 4 years and work with children of more varied age. Thus, the business is not going to experience high competition. Economics Having considered the success of the similar ventures in Japan, we would like to base our prices on theirs $50 per shift (Hours and admission fees 2011). The approximate admission from parents for their children for a shift in Kidcity is going to be $50-100 depending on the position. A child will get about $10 as payment for their job in ‘Kidzos’. 1 dollar equals 5 Kidzos to make children interested in possession much money.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Initial Investment and Expected profitability of Venture The venture requires much investment as to build the basic infrastructure (a hospital, several offices, houses, streets, shops, etc.) costs too much (about $50,000-$8,000) as the whole city should be built from the very beginning. Being a profitable business, it is possible to attract investors, both national and foreign. It can be easy to explain the profitability to Japanese investors as having the same center they can easily follow its profit. Moreover, having low competition, the business will ring more profit. The profit will not be gained at once as it is necessary to cover the costs spent on the center building. Exit strategy of the company should be directed at the reforming and restructuring the center into an entertainment facility where bo th children and parents can have fun. Reference List ‘Hours and admission fees’ 2011, KidZania. Web. McMillan, P 2011a, ‘Child care services in Australia’, IBIS World Industry Report. McMillan, P 2011b, ‘Preschool education in Australia’, IBIS World Industry Report. Okan, Z 2003, ‘Edutainment: is learning at risk?’, British Journal of Education Technology, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 255-264.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kidscity in Melbourne, Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Spooky 2009, ‘KidZania – Career-Building Theme Park for Kids’, Oddity Central, September 24, http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/kidzania-career-building-theme-park-for-kids.html This essay on Kidscity in Melbourne, Australia was written and submitted by user Marcus D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Petco Park vs Fenway Park

Petco Park vs Fenway Park Free Online Research Papers In the major league of baseball there are many stadiums, all which are different and special in some kind of way. The home of the San Diego Padres is Petco Park. The home of the Boston Red Sox is Fenway Park. There are many differences between the two stadiums and how they became what they are today. Petco Park is a brand new stadium for the Padres. The park opened for its opening game in 2004. It can seat about 43,000 people plus an extra 2,500 people in the park area behind centerfield. This brand new park is a little bit bigger than their old field, Qualcomm Stadium, which they moved out of at the end of the 2003 season. Padres did not start in Qualcomm Stadium either. They started in Lane Field at Broadway Pier, and then in 1958 they were moved to Westgate Park in Mission Valley. Then, Jack Murphy made a proposal to make a new stadium which was called San Diego Stadium. It was also the home of the San Diego Chargers of the NFL. Later it was named Jack Murphy stadium because he got the stadium started and renovated it even more. It was then called Qualcomm when that business bought the grounds around the ballpark. â€Å"Considering that Petco Park nearly failed to reach construction phase due to strong community opposition and scandal, the ballpark has overcome some signific ant challenges to climb the ladder of success, although promised development surrounding the ballpark remains something of an uncertainty†(Reichard, 1). The ballpark district, which is the area around Petco, is still under construction for more development on the way to improve the park. The park construction was halted because of insufficient funds to build the stadium, but after money was set aside for the stadium, construction was started up again and the park was on its way. It was finished and ready to play in on February 18, 2004. The Padres were ready for their new stadium because they did not like sharing their field with the Chargers for football. Petco Park gives the fans a variety of spots to sit. The fans can sit right on field level and as far up as the nosebleeds. The fans have to pay a little bit extra for the special areas. The average price for tickets is anywhere from fifteen to forty dollars. â€Å"Ultimately, Petco Park manages to accomplish the rare feat of catering not only to the fan focused entirely on the game, but also the visitor interested in the overall experience†( Reichard, 3). This brand new stadium has yet to see a world series; the Padres have come close to it, but not quite close enough. They just lost their series against the St. Louis Cardinals to make it to the playoffs this year. In the case of the Red Sox, they have been in Fenway since 1912. It opened on April 20, 1912. Before Fenway was built they played at Huntington Avenue Grounds. Fenway has been renovated many times to keep the field in good shape and to make it better for the fans. In the left field of Fenway Park there is a huge wall called the green monster, which the hitters face every time they play there. It used to be a big feat to hit a home run over the 37 foot wall which is 310 ft. away from the plate; these days hitters can hit them over the wall if they get the sweet spot of the bat. On the green monster there is a manual scoreboard that is still used today. There are electronic scoreboards around the field, but the manual one is still used. â€Å"Behind the manual scoreboard is a room where the walls are covered with signatures of players who have played at Fenway Park over the years. Also, the initials TAY and JRY, for Tom Yawkey and Jean Yawkey, appear in Morse code in two vertical str ipes on the scoreboard†(Fenway Facts, 2). There are many nicknames given to parts of Fenway Park. There is Duffy’s Cliff; this was a ten foot mound that reached from the left field foul pole to center field. It was named this because the left fielder for Boston was Duffy Lewis and he mastered the skill of running up hill to catch the ball. The Green Monster is the huge wall in left field. It gets its name from its looks. In the right field bleachers there is one seat that is painted red. That is where the longest home run was hit, 502 ft by Ted Williams. â€Å"Legend says that the ball crashed through the straw hat of the man sitting in the seat - Section 42, Row 37, Seat 21† (Fenway Facts, 2). New fields and old fields, what is the difference? There is plenty of difference. All new fields are up to date with technology and new ways to make parks better for fans. Old fields are boring and there is nothing to them. The brand new Petco Park has many fun things in it. Behind centerfield wall there is a sand area for little kids and their parents to watch the game. The fence is see through so that the little ball fans can see the game while playing around in the sand. In those seats the fan sits right on field level so that it is like the individual is in the game. That is also how Fenway is a little bit. The stands along Fenway are really close to the foul lines to bring the viewers closer to the game. â€Å"Today, the average seat in Fenway Park is closer to the field than in any other Major League baseball park. This feel of intimacy is readily apparent to Fenway Park visitors and adds to its uniqueness. It is for this reason that Fenway has been referred to as the best pl ace in the world to watch a baseball game(Save Fenway Park, 1). Fenway Park is the oldest major league park still in operation in the country. â€Å"Many baseball teams are looking to replace their symmetrical, Astroturf-covered, multipurpose mega-stadiums built in the 1960s and 1970s (such as Pittsburghs Three Rivers Stadium and Seattles Kingdome) with retro-style, single-use baseball parks that emulate the irregular field configuration and wall heights, urban setting, and overall intimacy of Fenway Park. In fact, Fenway was looked to as a model for the vanguards of these newer parks: Oriole Park at Camden Yards in Baltimore and Jacobs Field in Cleveland. As other â€Å"classic† baseball parks disappear, including Comiskey Park in Chicago and Tiger Stadium in Detroit, the opportunity to experience a Major League baseball game in an authentic traditional setting is quickly fading away†(Save Fenway Park, 3). Cal Ripken Jr. says it well in this little paragraph about th e feeling of playing on these old authentic fields, â€Å"The thing that I remember the most is just the feeling you get when you walk out on that field (at Fenway Park). All of the ballparks, especially the new ones, and Camden Yards, I guess, started the trend, try to capture in the modern sense the feeling of Fenway Park. Its just a great feeling to be able to play baseball on that field. Its a special place† (Young, 1). Many players like to play on the old fields because all the old time legends have played on them. Then again, it is fun on all the new fields like Petco Park because there are more fans going ballistic for their team and they get to try to become the legends of these new fields and set records and go down in the history with those fields. Some of the new ballparks are getting bigger and harder to play in though. The fences are getting deeper and new configurations of the fields are getting crazier. Petco Park has one of the deepest fences in the major league and the fence line is shaped the most unusual out of many other fields. Fenway also has a different configuration for there fence with the way it wraps around the field and the height differences of the fence going around the outfield. There are many differences between Petco and Fenway, but there are some similarities too. There is a little history about Fenway and what has gone on through all the years it has been played in. The very first year it opened, the Red Sox won the World Series. From then until 2006 they have won six World Series. They could have won seven, but no one knows for sure because the Giants refused to play in the World Series that year in 1904. Petco has no history at all yet; it is in its second season of play and both years the Padres almost made it to the World Series both seasons. Many stadiums in the Major League of baseball are old and new. Some are similar and some are completely different. These two stadiums have a great background behind them. Fenway has come far from the year 1912, and the Padres they have come far with all there different stadiums. Petco Park is now the home of the Padres and it is one of the nicest brand new ball fields of this era. These stadiums have there own unique and significant values to them. They have their differences and have become two of the greatest fields to play on and to be in. Bibliography Ballpark History. Library ThinkQuest. 06 Mar. 2000. 10 Oct. 2006 . Blau, Clifford. A Comparison of AL and NL Park Factors, 1913-1975. Mysite. 10 Oct. 2006 . Fenway Facts. Boston.Redsox. Jan. 2001. 10 Oct. 2006 . Fenway Park Stadium. MLB-Teams. Feb. 2003. 10 Oct. 2006 . Petco Park. San Diego Ballpark. 22 Mar. 2006. Major League Baseball. 10 Oct. 2006 . Qualcomm Stadium. Ballparks of Baseball. 2003. 10 Oct. 2006 . Reichard, Kevin. Ballpark Digest- Petco Park/ San Diego Padres. Ballpark Watch. 10 Oct. 2006 . Schoenherr. Padres Baseball History Timeline. History.Acusd. 7 Aug. 2004. 10 Oct. 2006 . The Significance of Fenway Park. Save Fenway Park. 25 May 2001. 10 Oct. 2006 . Young, Geisler. Fenway Park. Baseball-Almanac. Sept. 2000. 10 Oct. 2006 Research Papers on Petco Park vs Fenway ParkThe Hockey GameMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductLifes What IfsThe Fifth HorsemanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export QuotasHip-Hop is ArtNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

A Sociological View of Rastafarianism

A Sociological View of Rastafarianism Essay Organized religion is a duality between the religion and the church which represents it. Sometimes the representation of the religion is marred and flawed to those who view it because of the bureaucracy contained within. Unknown to those who gaze upon the dissolved morals and values of what is perceived to be the contradiction known as modern religion, it was never intended to be this way. Most religions started off as a sect, a minor detail on the fringes of the society it never wanted to represent. Rastfarianism is such a sect. The differences between Rastafarianism and a normal mainstream religion are numberless, including: no set membership, no authoritative leader, no offices of authority, no trained clergy and no involvement with the world as a whole. Rastafarianism is based upon an underrepresented minority which needed hope in the face in utter demise. According to Max Weber, religion emerges to satisfy a social need. In treating suffering as a symptom of odiousness in the ey es of gods and as a sign of secret guilt, religion has psychologically met a very general need (Weber 271). Rastafarianism emerges in the slums of Kingston, Jamaica in the 1930s to meet the needs of the poor, unskilled black Jamaicans who needed a hope. The social situation which was emerging in the 1930s which called for this need was as follows. Jamaica was a commonwealth of the British Empire. It had recently, around 1884, received a write in clause to their constitution which stipulated if the new government did not succeed and the economic life of Jamaica were to suffer because of it, the political constitution would be amended or abolished to meet new conditions. Black Jamaicans had a taste for power in their mouths and in 1938, this erupted in labor riots and violence. This act did nothing for their cause. It would still be 30 years until Jamaica received its independence. Blacks in Jamaica were the victims of social stratification which left them at the bottom rung of the la dder. They had menial jobs such as field worker or an attendant at the sugar plant, if they had jobs at all. The blacks were suffering as a people and as an organized group. Ethopianism had been introduced to Jamaica in 1784 by George Liele, by adding it to the name of his Baptist church, hoping to graft itself onto the African religion of Jamaican slaves. But the movement to embody the Ethiopian ideology par excellence was the Back to Africa movement of Marcus Garvey (Barret 76). He saw African civilization as anterior to all others and used bible verses which were easily interpretable to portray Africans as the chosen people mentioned in the bible, as in Psalm 68: Princes shall come out if Egypt and Ethiopia shall stretch forth his hands onto God (Barret 78). Garveys persistence culminated in the crowning of Ras Tafari as Negus of Ethiopia. He took the name Haile Selassie and added King of Kings and the Lion in the Tribe of Judah, placing himself in the legendary line of King Solo man, and therefore, in the same line as Jesus Christ of Roman Catholicism. Out of this came Rastafarianism which took over Jamaica at a time when it was in a low tide economically and socially. Socially, people experienced the brunt of the Depression as well as disaster due to a devastating hurricane. Politically, colonialism gripped the country and the future of the masses looked hopeless. Any doctrine which that promised a better hope and a better day was ripe for hearing (Barret 84). Weber analyzed conditions such as these as a theodicy of suffering. One can explain suffering and injustice by refrying to individual sin committed in former life, to the guilt of ancestors . . . to the wickedness of all people. As compensatory promised one can refer to hopes of the individual for a better life in the future of this world or to the for the successors, or to a better life in the hereafter (Weber 275). In other words, those who are disadvantaged in a situation (the poor, hopeless, black Jamaicans) will be rewarded. The poor people have a decided advantage in the Rastas view, since they are forced to look into themselves and confront the basic reality of human existence and only there can God be found (Owens 173) Their negative situation will be turned into a positive one (transvaluation) because they are the truly righteous, or so they believed. Rastafarianism was more than a religion to the people of Jamaica, it was a hope. It was their escape from the the rational e veryday world. This theodicy of suffering, in which the underprivileged and underrepresented Jamaicans believed, was compensation for the deplorable state in which they found themselves. The Rastafarian way of living and their everyday activities began as a deviant social behavior, but rather was a routinization of the masses into one cohesive unit, following the same general creed under different principles. This point can be seen most specifically in the modern Rastafarian hairstyles. In traditional Rastafarianism most Rastas do not cut their hair but allow it to grow naturally long matted strands or locks. These locks are in accordance with the Leviticus 21:5: They shall not make baldness upon their head (Johnson-Hill 25). But in todays Rastafarianism, their are men who will not grow facial hair or locks in accordance to their position in the work place and in society, but still believe in the faith of and consider themselves a part of the Rastafarian religion. This process of electing points on a subject in which a followers ideas converge with is called elective affinity, as coined by Max Weber. This elective affinity concerning Rastafarianism was spurred by cha rismatic prophets of the belief system such as Marcus Garvey, Haile Selassie, and Samuel Brown. All of these men preached to the negatively privileged strata which existed in the Jamaican slums and the impoverished Jamaican parishes. The underprivileged strata became a status group in a sociological point of view when they selected Rastafarianism and Haile Selassie as their god. This annunciation and promise led these impoverished blacks into a status group known as Rastafarians. This elective affinity between underprivileged Jamaicans and Rastafarians was seen most directly in a change in diet to follow Kosher food laws, a change in hair style, the use of a different language, and a the use of a holy weed; ganja. These highly visible symbols served as a solidification of a persons elective affinity and a public statement of their beliefs. To become a member of the Rastafarian status group was to embrace the lifestyle and the conceptual livity of a personal relationship with nature, in a pure organic way (Johnson-Hill 25). The Rastafarian lifestyle, at its early core, was based upon responses to social actions cast forth by the Jamaican bureaucracy. These actions exist on the guise of a messianic hope which is generally known as Ethiopia or Africa (Barret 117). The first reaction is aggression, which was exemplified by the social struggles for equality or even acknowledgment by the economically challenged island residents. The second reaction is acceptance. This ambivalence toward the situation is more of a standstill than anything else. The act of accepting ones own unfortunate situation negates the aggression and action of the previous step. This is where the Messianic values began to seep into the Rastafarian watershed. With these people and this clear-cut fashion only among them and under other very particular conditions, the suffering of a peoples community, rather than the suffering of the individual, became the object of hope for religious salvation (Weber 273). Rastafarian men and women began to forget their own individual struggles and rely on the preaching from Haile Selassie to comfort them as a group. Individuality is looked down upon in the Rastafarian religion. The status group or strata will suffer as a whole, not as individual pieces of a puzzle. Every Rastafarian considers himself an authoritative spokesman for Selassie. It is consequently unthinkable that one of the brethren should assume special prerogatives in speaking for the Emperor (Owens 43). READ: Education Starts at Home EssayThe third and final response to social action by Rastafarians is avoidance. This act is predominated by the view that Jamaica is Babylon and Ethiopia is Zion. This metaphor implying hopelessness in Jamaica acts very much, in Marxian terminology, as an opiate. This outlook on everyday life does not produce action, rather it reduces it. Another example of this can be seen economically. The Rastafarians generally represent the lowest segment of the Jamaican social class . . . This level of Jamaican society represents the largest body on unemployed and underemployed and the greatest number of unemployables . . . (Barret 115). This fact is well known among the Rastafarians and it is partially why many are in the religion, acceptance into a social class which is higher than their own. They have mostly given up on employment besides that of home produced items which are pawned to tourists or others within the Rastafarian movement. Their is no motivatio n to produce economically because most of the industry within Jamaica during the early Rastafarian period was controlled by the British land owners. Working for these British men would have been a direct violation of their religious creed; The white person is inferior to the black person (Barret 104) and The Black person is the reincarnation of ancient Israel, who, at the hand of the White person, has been in exile to Jamaica (Barret 104). This ties into Webers Theodicy of Suffering because to suffer economically is to suffer through all aspects of ones life. But, many times, as previously illustrated, an ambivalence to end suffering leaves one still in the same peculiar situation. Without a motive to change, there is not change in a cultures motives. So, the early Rastafarians suffered not from a theodicy of suffering which was merely and only forced upon them by the white Jamaican bureaucracy; but rather a self- imposed and self-induced level of their suffering. This way of viewing Rastafarian all changed as time passed. Social strata are decisive for the development of a religion (Weber 282) and as the social strata which embodies this religion began to change, the religion changed proportionately with it. This can be seen in contrasting the previous three social reactions just stated: aggression, acceptance and avoidance. As the general body of Rastafarianism began to grow old and pass away, so did many of their ideas and rationalitys concerning the religion in which they were a part. These views were handed down to the new, younger members of the Rastafarian religion and updated substantially to concur with the new time period and the new state of Rastafarians in Jamaica. Largely, there is no need for one to use aggression to prove equality in Jamaica. The modern Rastafarian, rather is a symbol of the Jamaican lifestyle and one can almost mistakenly assume all Jamaicans embody the Rastafarian way of thinking and lifestyle. The newly indep endent Jamaica uses aspects of the traditional Rastafarian to promote its tourism industry: such as the reggae music which originally symbolized the suffering of black Jamaicans, the dread locks which represented the I-tal way of organic living and the artifacts and cultural productions of such Rastafarian artisans. Rastafarians no longer accept their status as a constant; an unchanging fact which merely misrepresents them in popular culture. They have began to work on their economic status within the Jamaican community. Rastafarians now occupy enviable positions in Jamaica. There are Rasta physicians, pharmacists, professors, journalists, pilots, teachers . . . to name only a few of their trades and professions (Barret 243). They are willing to educate their children to become productive citizens of the country, which is evident in the formation of Rasta primary and secondary schools and the possibility of a Rasta university within Jamaica. Rastafarians now have control over their own destiny within the scope of mass media and their ultimate portrayal. With the advent of educated and world minded Rastafarians, the Rastafarian movement has proliferated out of Jamaica and into the mainstream of the world, including both the United States and England. The final large change concerning Rastafarians is avoidance. Instead of avoiding the problems in Jamaica and praying for a magical repatriation to Ethiopia, they have first decided to repair the problems which exist in Jamaica before they leave for Zion. This new brethren is focused on change and one way they have decided to accomplish this is through political action. Rastafarians are traditionally apolitical; they do not vote. Their word for politics is politricks, which sums up their perception of the political game (Barret 220). With the election of a pro Rastafarian prime minister, Michael Manley, Rastafarians were encouraged to use their constitutional rights and vote. There is no way of telling how many Rastafarians voted or continue to vote, but their role in Jamaican culture requires them to be addressed and noticed. The act of being spoken to and about in a public forum is just aspect in which indirectly they have traversed out of the avoidance stage. Rastafarians also no l onger avoid the media. Rather, they embrace it and use it to their advantage. This is evident is the many quotes and passages contained within Leonard Barrets book and the relative ease of access he obtained many on these passages. The Rastafarian culture is moving toward the future, and as Weber stated, changing with the social strata, which is changing with the times. It can then be inferred Rastafarianism is a constantly updated and evolving entity, modernizing as the world does so as well. But this evolving modern entity did not always keeps its modernity defined. Many of the actions of Rastafarianism worked against modernity and favored a complete stand still in all actions of life. In effect, the pain of the poor black Jamaica strata directly led into a form of ambivalence which militated against social and economic change; in essence, the status group of Rastafarians and their beliefs acted as an opiate against socioeconomic change. Religion is the opium of the people (Marx 54). This opium like quality leads directly into a state of false consciousness, which ties in directly with Webers theodicy of suffering. Both of these militate against socieconomic change by giving a check of approval to a negative situation. In this way, Marx and Weber are showing the flaws in the Rastafarian system. The inherent flaw of giving false hope or false consciousness to a people based on a system (Rastafarian) which at its base complies with stagnant situations and life styles. At t he same time, Marxism can be interpreted as a direct conflict with itself. The Rastafarian movement occupies not only an opiate status, but a status of opposition as well. The Rastafarian movement was founded originally as an opposition to the bureaucratic ways of the ruling class. The religion modeled greatly an American democratic way of thinking: by the people for the people. The people are the underrepresented and under appreciated blacks of Jamaica. In comparison with a Weberian sociological thought process, they both agree upon Rastafarian as basically an evolution. This plays more into Marxs favor because of the direct correlation between themselves. Like the Rastafarian evolution, in which they retreated on many of their former beliefs and creeds, Marx also did the same according to the time he was writing in. So, a direct comparison can be made through the evolution of Marx and Rastafarianism; both occur because of the rise of modernity and culture around them, directly eff ecting the person or group in question. READ: Theories on and Analysis of Information Management in KFCMarx and Weber also collide in beliefs on the idea of theodicy of suffering. Weber believed religion emerges to fulfill a social need. The poor, black, Jamaicans needed hope, and with their economic status, suffering was a major part. Taken on a face value then, the Jamaican culture can be divided into two distinct classes: theodicy of suffering and theodicy of good fortune. The former group, those who indirectly believe in a theodicy of suffering, are alienated from the latter group. Within the suffering group, there is alienation among members due to separation from product. The product, in this case, is their religion. Now all of the members of the Rastafarian status group belong to Rastafarianism as a whole, but there are sects within the sect, which are different from each other. For an example, the emergence of the uptown Rasta which differs in belief system from Rastafarianism as a whole. The alienation comes in the fact that the people, not as one unified group, but as a large organization of individuals are single entities and none speak for the religion. Criticism of this can be found in a previously mentioned Joseph Owens quote (see page four, first paragraph). Although each member is a spokesman for Selassie, is unthinkable to assume each member of the brethren might have something different to say? This leads to alienation among those within the same sect. The previously stated belief contrasts with a Weberian point of view as well. In a Marxian view of thought, the poor should try to revolt against their ruling bureaucracy. This appropriation is further determined by the manner in which it must be effected. It can only be effected through a union, which by the character of the proletariat itself can again only be a universal one, and through a revolution . . . (Marx 192). There is a flaw under the question: how can a society revolt through Marxism and still be prone against change, an opiate in Marxian view, to their own standing within the community? Karl Marx would see this as a complete oxymoron. Rastafarianism should benefit the social group, not allow it to stop progression and merely graze the lips of those who chose it, giving them a short and unsatisfying taste of what is available to them. This yearning for more should lead the people into a full economic and political revolt against this bourgeoisie. While relatively similar to a Marxian point of view, Durkheimian sociology sees Rastafarianism as a social entity. This religion was originally associated as Jamaican poor and the term Rasta and poor, black Jamaican could be used interchangeable. And with this association, Rastafarianism emerged to regulate the desires of the Jamaican poor. It brought about a solidarity among the lowest status class which served as a jumping point into embracing their situations. Thus, the religion is inseparable from the groups which contain it. This occupies the ideas of Weber in that if the religion is inseparable from the groups which contain it, then, the religion will indirectly evolve as the group evolves. This basically complies with the Weberian point of view that religious beliefs change along with the strata which embody them. Also, if Rastafarianism is a social entity, it therefore must have risen out of the need for a social set of values, complying with the Weberian ideal of religion em erging to satisfy a social need. This Durkheimian point of view also crosses paths with the views of Karl Marx. If religion brings about solidarity among a status group which happens to be underprivileged, revolution is a possible following steps. One person may revolt, but one needs masses along the same ideals to successfully revolt. By integrating society, one brings the society or group on the same consciousness, although it may be a false consciousness. No matter rational or irrational, the motives exist and can be accomplished with aid of a charismatic prophet, in this case, Marcus Garvey or Samuel Brown. To update this idea, there is a popular t-shirt which states Never underestimate stupid people in large groups. The same could be applied to a Marxian and Durkheimian point of view. Their t-shirt might say Never underestimate the power of alienated oppressed on the same intellectual level.Durkheim and Weber do disagree on some levels. One of them being the role of individuality within religion. A Durkheimian point of view toward individuality could not characterize the Rastafarian movement because it believes one should embrace all the exists, but do not include each other. This directly violates the Rastafarians belief in an I-n-I mentality. This implies a three-fold relationship between any individual self, Jah God, and other selves (Johnson-Hill 23). Max Weber sees religion as a unification of a people, which is evident in his distinction between strata and status. Rastafarianism is a status group, individuality is left behind at the strata before seemingly advancing into a higher level of consciousness, complete with its own symbols, language and customs, especially marijuana usage. Although the beliefs of a religion change, the essence of the religion does not. This is supported by Weber with the idea that changes in a decisive stratum lead to a change of beliefs. This is opposed by Durkheim stating a religion as a whole has lasted because it performs a social function; it integrat es those involved within it. The falsity is what people believe. So, if people change, the religion changes with the people, not necessarily minor beliefs within it. It is a cycle which includes the transfer of old gods to new gods, completely changing the religion with society. Rastafarianism has not faded away, and in fact has spread its brethren among many areas of the world. The Rastafarian movement is no longer a mere revolutionary movement; it has become a part of the establishment, a part of officialdom (Barret 245). Rastafarianism may have started on the fringes of Jamaican society, but it now a representation of what it considered hell. In terms of an outsider, Jamaica is no longer Babylon, it is now Rastafaria, a step on the way to utopian Zion. Rastafarianism is now an integration of all of Jamaican society rather that just one social strata. Its changes have moved along with the changes of Jamaica as a nation. The people of Jamaica are interchangeable with Rastafarianism. It is ironic which a group so hating of their own environment would become such a force as to represent it to the world. Rastafarianism is truly by the people, for the people.

Specifics of the Banking System of Spain Article

Specifics of the Banking System of Spain - Article Example At the beginning of 1990th as a result of a series of merges and absorption two leading savings banks accumulating over 90 % of personal savings of the Spanish citizens have been created. Bank system of Spain is one of the most stable and liquid financial systems in Europe. Its distinctive features are a significant level of foreign currency (13,9 billion euro), the branched out the network of branches of private banks and the state savings banks. The dominating role is played by the banks with 100 % of the Spanish capital. The leader at cost of market actives is the financial group "Banco Santander Central Hispano" formed at the beginning of 1999 as a result of a merger of two largest banks of the country. Now the strongest bank group is Banco de Bilbao Vizcaya (BBV). However recently it had strong contender Central Hispano, the group formed as a result of merges of two banks - Banco Central and Banco Hispano Americano. Despite a plenty of local savings banks (cajas de ahorros), they make operations very slowly. In general, the bank system of Spain is strongly bureaucratized and not especially cares for the convenience of clients (Altman).   Some banks and other financial institutions of Spain: Banco de Espana - the Central bank of Spain; Banco Sabadell - the bank specializing on granting of services to private clients, and also small and average business. Has more than 400 branches in Spain and abroad; Bilbao Bizkaia Kutxa (BBK) - the largest savings bank in Basque Provinces and the fourth on size in Spain; Banco Santander - the bank which is carrying out the financial operations in Spain and in 31 countries abroad, including the USA; Kutxa - savings bank; Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona - the financial group including savings bank and some of the other financial institutions; Caja San Fernando - the savings bank having operations in Western Andalusia; Caixa Catalunya – the Catalan savings bank; BBVA – the financial group; Open Bank - the open bank; Ibercaja - the Spanish savings bank.

Stem cell research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stem cell - Research Paper Example Adult stem cells or somatic stem cells are â€Å"multipotent† cells that function as an internal repair system lifelong in some organs such as the gut and bone marrow, to replenish damaged cells (Pessina and Gribaldo, 2006). The characteristic ability of the stem cells to renew themselves continuously for long periods and differentiate into specific cell types under appropriate conditions (Zhong, 2008) make them good candidates for cell-based therapies in regenerative or reparative medicine. Customarily, although inappropriately, the term â€Å"stem-cell research† is used in news reports and political debates to discuss all scientific research involving stem cells. There is no controversy about research involving adult stem cells that are obtained from bone marrow, or the umbilical-cord stem cells taken from the residual blood found in the umbilical cord after delivery of the baby, or the stem cells present in the amniotic fluid. However, it is the research on and appli cation of ESCs for clinical use that has led to a raging controversy both on the basis of religious beliefs and for political brownie points. Scientifically, too, ESC therapy is not all hunky-dory. For instance, it has not been possible yet to consistently control the growth of ESCs. Also, the interactions of ESCs with other cells have been known to cause erratic growth patterns, including tumors, and tissue rejection responses (Repair Stem Cells Institute, 2009). The Catholic Church has supported adult and umbilical-cord stem-cell research but is vehemently opposed to embryonic stem cells being used for research based on religious beliefs. The main reasons for the opposition of the Catholic Church to ESC research as described by The Pontifical Academy for Life (2000) are (1) The only way in which ESCs can be isolated at present involves the destruction of an unimplanted blastocyst-stage embryo at the sixth to eighth day of development. The isolation of the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst for the preparation of embryonic stem cells is tantamount to destruction of the embryo; hence, the Church considers that a gravely immoral, and consequently, a gravely illicit act; (2) producing cloned human embryos and then destroying them in order to harvest ESCs is considered illicit; and (3) the use of embryonic stem-cell lines that already exist for research is also equal to destruction of innocent human life and, hence, immoral. Although the highly dramatized versions appearing in news reports of the possibility of growing whole organs from stem cells in petri dishes sounds amazing, it is more science fiction than reality. However, from a cell and developmental biology standpoint, ESC research is highly important. Scientists working on the application of stem cells to the medical field have been greatly worried, though, since stem cell research has suffered great harm on account of lack of accessible or quality stem cell lines. Following the ban by the U.S. fede ral government of embryonic stem cell research in August 2001, only those stem cell lines that came into existence before August 9, 2001 remained unconstrained by the ban. However, those cell lines have become possibly

The Affects of Electronic Communication on Me, My Family and Society Essay Example for Free

The Affects of Electronic Communication on Me, My Family and Society Essay In this task I am going to write a report on the effects of electronic communication on me, my family and the society. I will extend my report by giving a clear explanation that includes society in general, i. e. people and situations outside of my normal experience (i. e. business). I will also include in this report the people that do not have access to electronic communication. Uses of electronic communication at home (within my experience) Computers/Laptops Computers and Laptops are both common communication items at most people’s households. There are many communication features as well as software on a laptop and computer which are helpful in a day to day lifestyle. I use my laptop a lot to complete various pieces of coursework. One of the main programs I use is the word processing packages. Using this software I can save, edit text and print many documents. Without my laptop I would have to write out each piece of coursework for a draft version and then again for my final version. This would be very time consuming. Using my laptop I can type up my draft version and then edit that version to produce my final copy. I can easily click print to have a hard copy of my work. Another useful function of the word processing package is the fact that it automatically show me if I have any spelling errors or grammatical error. One type of error which word cannot identify is homophone or apostrophe errors. There is also the synonym function. This function gives a selection of words with a similar or same meaning. Computers and Laptops have made coursework more accurate because of the spell check and grammatical function as well as it is made much neater compared to a hand-written piece of work. If I was to handwrite my work then I would have to cross out any errors I made. This would make my work messy and therefore the presentation of my work wouldn’t be presentable. There are many other programs which I use on my laptop which include; spreadsheets, publishers, local databases etc. Each of these programs has its own special features. Internet I use the internet for researching various aspects for my work and coursework, communicating with friends and family via e-mail, facebook and msn. It is also useful for checking cinema listings, train timings, elevision programme schedules etc. I used the internet for the research of my coursework. I am an A-level student and have a lot to research for my courses hence I need to carry out my study over the internet. A lot of the courses I study at college require relevant research and information therefore I need electronic communication so I can have access to the related information. If I did not have access to the internet at home then I would have to make alternate arrangements so I could access the information. These arrangements would either be the library or a friend or relatives house. This could become inconvenient as if I had to go to the library I would have to be wary of the timings or if I had to go to a friend’s house I would have to make sure they are home or available. I will soon be applying for university and hence will need to research into career prospects and courses that I would like to do at university. Also I will have to fill in the online UCAS application to ensure I have a place in university. The new online process is very effective as once the form has been submitted I would be able to track my application to see which universities have offered me a place. If I had to send my application via mail then there would be chances of the letter being lost or undelivered. The online process guarantee’s that the universities have received my application. I also use the online banking service which most banks offer. This is so I can access details of my account using electronic communication. This service is very useful as I can handle my accounts while sitting at home instead of having to go to the bank. Through electronic communication I am able to do online shopping. This service is very effective as I can order clothes over the internet and my parents can order their house hold items, i. . groceries. This saves them going to the supermarket to make these purchases. Any big supermarket offer this service (for example: Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury, etc). The internet also helps my family and me to find jobs. There are many websites online which help me to find a variety of jobs which suits my timings. I am able to access the information about each job and process applications for the jobs I want online making it more convenient. The online service makes it easier for my family and me as we know that the application has been received before the closing date. Using electronic communication we are able to get an immediate respond to whether any members of my family or me have been accepted for the job. Using the internet I can also find out information on bus and train transportation. I can find the running times for both services and also book train tickets online. This guarantees that I have a ticket for a certain train time instead of having to go to the train station to book the ticket. Also if I book the ticket earlier than it turns out cheaper so I am able to save money and time. Weather updates are also available via electronic communication. Many websites (i. e. bbc, metro weather, etc) contain weather updates. This is an easy service to access as we are able to check the forecast for up to 10 days online. This helps us when we want to plan days out or family events. I can also find weather for various countries and the average temperature for each month of the year. This is handy when my family wants to book a holiday abroad. Also accessible using electronic communication is holiday packages. I have researched several holiday packages online and then booked the one that suits my family. This saves time as I wouldn’t have to keep going to a travel agent to find out details about my vacation. A well known electronic communication method is via e-mail or msn. I am able to talk to friends and family through both of these services. Msn is a good online chat services for instant messaging. Using msn I can talk to my friends and family abroad. The e-mail service is good for passing a message on to someone who currently can’t talk at the same time as me. Also via e-mail I can send work to my teachers and peers. Radio Radio is another type of electronic communication. It is used to broadcast signals across the country. The advantage of these broadcasts is that these are a good variety of stations which can be picked up from one radio player. Alongside the advantages are disadvantages. These are that the signal is not always clear and as there is already a lot of stations there is no more space for more stations to open. Many messages can be announced on air, i. e. birthday wishes, news, etc. If I do not always have access to a computer or laptop then I can call the radio station and ask for a friend or family member’s birthday to be announced. Telephone/Mobile phones Mobile phones can be used for communication in many different ways; either by call or SMS (Short Message Service). Mobile phones can be used anywhere without the need of a cable. If I want to talk about something private then the best method to use is SMS as no one can hear my conversation. There are many disadvantages to using a mobile phone. I don’t always have signal or if I do it isn’t always strong making the phone calls disruptive. I use the SMS service a lot to keep in contact with my friends. It is an easy service to use and can be used at anytime of the day. The disadvantage of using the SMS service is that it can be very time consuming when I want to hold a two way conversation hence a phone call would be the easiest method. Telephones (home phones) are used to keep in contact with other members of the family as well as friends. This type of phone doesn’t always have a wire although it can only be used within a certain range. Uses of electronic communication by a business (out of my normal experience) Electronic communication is well known in businesses. There are many electronic communication items used which are essential to the business.

The Misfit in Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find Essay exam

The Misfit in Flannery O'Connor's A Good Man Is Hard to Find I feel that the Grandmother in the story 'A Good Man is Hard to Find' suffers from psychological conditions. She does not care at all about anyone but herself. I feel that she may even be narcissistic. It is ironic because she would be expected to look out for her family. The Cambridge Dictionary defines narcissism as 'too much interest in and admiration for your own physical appearance and/or your own abilities' It is ironic because she would be expected to look out for her family, however in reality she only really looks out for herself. She shows how self centered she really is many times throughout the story. She displays a complete lack of regard for what anyone else wants to do. All she cares about at first is what ...

Reaction Paper to Comprehension-Based Approach in English Language Teaching

A. Summary of Comprehension Based Approach The Comprehension Approach refers to several methodologies of language learning that emphasize understanding of language rather than speaking. It is a pedagogical/instructive principle, which can be found in a number of methods and in practical listening comprehension; a. comprehension should be taught by teaching learners to understand meaning in the target language; b. the learners' level of comprehension should always exceed their ability to produce language; c. roductive language skills will emerge more naturally when learners have well developed comprehension skills; d. such an approach reflects how children learn their first language.The Comprehension Approach scholars share the belief that a) comprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language b) the learning of speech should be delayed until comprehension skills are established; c) skills acquired through listening transfer to other skills; and d) teaching should emphasize learner stress-free environment etc Its other Principles: Listening comprehension is very important and is viewed as the basic skill that will allow speaking, reading and writing to develop spontaneously over time given the right conditions.†¢ Learners should begin by listening to meaningful speech and by responding nonverbally in meaningful ways before they produce any language themselves †¢ Learners should not speak until they feel ready to do so; this results in better pronunciation than if the learner is forced to speak immediately †¢ Learners progress by being exposed to meaningful input that is just ne step beyond their level of competence †¢ acquirers was not always 100% in the studies, there were statistically significant similarities that reinforced the existence of a Natural Order of language acquisition. Rule learning may help learners monitor (or become aware of) what they do, but it will not aid their acquisition or spontaneous use of targ et language.†¢ Error correction is seen as unnecessary and perhaps even counterproductive; the important thing is that the learners can understand and make themselves understood. If the teacher is not native (or near native) speaker, appropriate materials such as audiotapes and videotapes must be available to provide the appropriate input for the learners. B. Reaction to the Comprehension Based Approach The Comprehension- Based Approach refers to several methodologies of language learning that emphasize understanding of language rather than speaking I chose Comprehension Based Approach among other approaches because based on experience I applied many of its principles in teaching English and Science to Grade Six students.I believe that teaching English using Comprehension Approach to the learners is the very core and heart of letting your pupils learn the English language. Comprehension Approach is the true essence of teaching the English language. Learners cannot write and spe ak English effectively if they cannot understand/comprehend their lessons at hand. This supported by Comprehension Based Principle that comprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language. Teaching comprehension skills in English is a vital tool of the pupils in studying their other subjects like Math and Science.Math teachers complained to me all the time that the reason their students failed in solving math problems is because they cannot understand what is being asked in the problem. They said that their pupils do not know how to comprehend the problem which presupposes that their problem is their English comprehension skills rather than their computing abilities in Math. The same goes with my Science class, scientific concepts cannot be understood all at once by the students in Science so I have to teach them how to understand science facts and concepts.I let them listen first to my explanation and description of a science fact and concept. I also translate some of the English terms to the native language for them to digest the subject matter. I concur to the principle of Comprehension Based Approach that listening comprehension is very important and is viewed as the basic skill that will allow speaking, reading and writing to develop spontaneously over time given the right conditions.I also agree to its principle that learners should begin by listening to meaningful speech and by responding nonverbally in meaningful ways before they produce any language themselves and to the principle learners progress by being exposed to meaningful input that is just one step beyond their level of competence . A lot of my lesson plans was geared in developing comprehension skills of my students in English. I taught the learners how to understand the meaning of the target language through many ways.For instance before letting the students read a passage or a story, we unlock difficulties of some vocabulary words that are new to the pupils. After readi ng the story and the passage, pupils were made to answer questions in relation to the story to check whether they understand the story or the passage. Another instance where I teach them comprehension skills is when I teach them the skill of getting the context clue. Context clues are words and phrases in a sentence which help students define the meaning of an unfamiliar word.I teach them how to understand the unfamiliar word by how it is used in the sentence and through the help of its neighboring words which are clues to lead them to define the unknown word. This kind of skill is buttressed upon the principle of Comprehension Based Approach wherein productive language skills will emerge more naturally when learners have well developed comprehension skills and comprehension should be taught by teaching learners to understand meaning in the target language. Learners need not produce the unknown word in the target language unless they harness their comprehension faculties.

Music theatre history Essay

Miss Saigon is the tenth-longest running Broadway Musical in music theatre history, according to Hernandez (2009). Such was its success that it has toured all over the world since its opening day in April 1991 (Broadway Musical Home n. d. ). The plot of the play is simple enough, a Marine fell in love with a young Vietnamese call girl while in Vietnam, serving in the Vietnam war (Music Theatre International n. d. ). He fathers her child but does not discover it until a few years later when he has another family from coming back to America (Music Theatre International n. d. ). In the play, he was forced to choose between his legal wife and the woman he loves (Music Theatre International n. d. ). The composer of the songs in the musical is Claude-Michel Schonberg, the lyricists are Alain Boubil and Richard Maltby Jr. and the librettists are Claude-Michel Schonberg and Alain Boubil (Broadway Musical Home n. d. ). My experience Over a decade ago, I was fortunate enough to watch a production of Miss Saigon on Broadway with the original casts. These casts were: Hinton Battle, Barry K. Bernal, Liz Callaway, Kam Cheng, Willy Falk, Jonathan Pryce, Lea Salonga. I understand that Salonga and Pryce are Olivier and Tony award winners for their performances as Kim (the Vietnamese girl) and the Engineer (the pimp) for this musical. Back then, I was so overwhelmed by the production. I thought the cast was fantastic; Salonga was so good, so very convincing as Kim. She had such a powerful voice, constant and unwavering, so pleasant to listen to. I was perhaps 10 or 11 when I saw that original production on Broadway, and it was an amazing experience. At the time, I could not fully comprehend the seriousness of the issues being tackled in the script. I just knew I liked listening to the songs and I bought a CD to remember the play. When I was vacationing in Houston, Texas last February, I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to see Miss Saigon again. I do not quite remember the Broadway actors who have played it, and to be honest, I have did not pay close attention, I simply wanted to see the reproduction of that Broadway play I remember from long ago. A quick search on Google tells me that this reproduction played at The Hobby Center for the Performing Arts was directed by Bruce Lumpkin. Kim, is played by Melinda Chua, Chris (the Marine) is played by Eric Kunze and Joseph Anthony plays the Engineer (BWW News Desk 2010). Having listened to the original cast’s CD of the play, the new cast fell short of the vocal prowess I have come to love. As such, I was underwhelmed by the casting and their singing despite their respective accomplishments in their craft. Salonga was just too strong a performer for me and her voice was perfect, in my opinion. The songs â€Å"Sun and Moon† and â€Å"Last Night of the World† did not have the certain charm they used to have with that reproduction’s performance. What I am thankful for for this reviewing is that I fully understand now what Miss Saigon is all about. I remember the story from memory and I knew it had a tragic ending. However, this second watching of the film helped open my eyes to the grave issues involved in the play. First, it talked about the horrors that war can do, especially to the innocent. Kim was orphaned because of the war and being an orphan forced her to work in a night club where all sorts of horror can be imagined. A third world country like Vietnam, would not miss the chance to serve the enemy for some good money. One particular scene that was intriguing for me was during the opening acts when the girls at the night club were competing to be Miss Saigon, the winner will be auctioned off to a Marine and the winner of such contest begged the Marine she was auctioned to to take her back to America, where she can live a better life. The Marine there refused. It shows how America is such the dream land for the third world country people. America that was their enemy in the war, who was killing their men in its continuous search for imperialism. Kim, in that night club met Chris, another Marine. Kim and Chris spent the night together, Chris was touched by the innocence of Kim and he tried to give her money so she can get away from the night club. Kim did not accept the money, even for her fee for spending a night with Chris. She was a virgin and she did not accept the money because, essentially she liked the experience and perhaps because she was developing feelings for Chris. Basically, Kim and Chris fell in love but Chris had to leave but before leaving he promised Kim that he will come back and marry her. This of course, did not happen because of a series of events that thwarted their love. Chris married another woman and before the play ended, he was forced to choose between Kim and his wife, he chose his wife. Kim committed suicide and such was the ending to this wonderful musical play. Such love story was poignant, evoking feelings of melancholy. References: BWW News Desk. (2010). TUTS Announces Their MISS SAIGON Cast, Show Opens 2/9. BroadwayWorld. com – Dallas. Retrieved 21 July 2010 from http://dallas.broadwayworld. com/article/TUTS_Announces_Their_MISS_SAIGON_Cast_Show_Opens_29_20100115 Broadway Musical Home. (n. d. ). Miss Saigon. Retrieved 21 July 2010 from http://www. broadwaymusicalhome. com/shows/misssaigon. htm Hernandez, E. (2009). Long Runs on Broadway. Playbill. com. Retrieved 21 July 2010 from http://www. playbill. com/celebritybuzz/article/75222-Long-Runs-on-Broadway Music Theater International. (n. d. ). Miss Saigon. Retrieved 21 July 2010 from http://www. mtishows. com/show_detail. asp? showid=000156

Free Essays on Racial Education Diversity

Even though the US education system has been long criticized, is seems to be working or either the United States would not be the most powerful and civilized nation in the world. The idea of decentralized education can be debated upon in many of its aspects. However, up to now it has been proven to work in many ways, some of which are, providing a versatile student body and high quality education for those who can afford it. Of course as every other structure it has its disadvantages one of which is that public schools provide lower quality education for students from poorer families. , In the United States, education is offered at all levels from pre-kindergarten to graduate school because The main disadvantage of the decentralization is the quality of education received by the students. On the other hand, a real plus to the idea is the fact that not all students are concentrated on the same topics of study, which allows each student to specialize in a certain field. and Elementary and secondary education involves twelve years of schooling the successful completion of which leads to a high school diploma. A distinct feature of the American educational system is its decentralized organization. Elementary and secondary education is financially supported by three levels of government - local, state, and federal. Furthermore, it is divided into public and private institutions. .... Free Essays on Racial Education Diversity Free Essays on Racial Education Diversity Even though the US education system has been long criticized, is seems to be working or either the United States would not be the most powerful and civilized nation in the world. The idea of decentralized education can be debated upon in many of its aspects. However, up to now it has been proven to work in many ways, some of which are, providing a versatile student body and high quality education for those who can afford it. Of course as every other structure it has its disadvantages one of which is that public schools provide lower quality education for students from poorer families. , In the United States, education is offered at all levels from pre-kindergarten to graduate school because The main disadvantage of the decentralization is the quality of education received by the students. On the other hand, a real plus to the idea is the fact that not all students are concentrated on the same topics of study, which allows each student to specialize in a certain field. and Elementary and secondary education involves twelve years of schooling the successful completion of which leads to a high school diploma. A distinct feature of the American educational system is its decentralized organization. Elementary and secondary education is financially supported by three levels of government - local, state, and federal. Furthermore, it is divided into public and private institutions. ....

Intro to Mgt Syst Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intro to Mgt Syst - Assignment Example By instituting privacy policies in information systems, organizations can safeguard personal information of their employees and customers from access and manipulation by ill-motivated individuals. There are several human and technological protective measures that can be used to safeguard and enforce privacy in information systems. Some of the most operative and widely used mechanisms include encryption, data masking, and authentication. Kim and Solomon (2012) define encryption as the process of encoding information and/or messages in such a manner that only the authorized parties can access or read it. The process involves encrypting plaintext with an encryption algorithm to generate the cipher text that is only readable if decrypted. Therefore, any interceptor of the message cannot access it unless they provide the encryption key which is provided by the originator of the information (Kim & Solomon, 2012). Data masking, on the other hand, refer to the process of hiding the original data with random characters to prevent classified personal data from access by unauthorized persons (Rainer & Cegielski, 2012). Data masking aims at protecting the actual data by having a function al substitute when the real data is not required. Authentication is another measure that can be taken by determining whether something or someone is what he or she declares to be. Authentication in information systems is attained through the use of logon passwords and pin numbers (Kim & Solomon, 2012). There are several problems related to management information systems that arise from privacy of information. One of the most common problems is security breaches, which emanate as a result of hackers and viruses. Today, most organizations store their data on remote cloud servers accessible with a username and the appropriate password (Kim & Solomon, 2012). However, there is a higher risk of losing the data through viruses, hijackers, and wrong-minded

Independent learning plan 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Independent learning plan 2 - Essay Example ful in solving the children’s learning problems, and making the information (confidentially) available to the people that are directly connected with the children’s learning processes (Snow & Hemel, 2008). [ 2] The common procedure utilized in preparing the questions to determine the level of children with special needs is by preparing both oral and written tests. But whichever test to use depends on the child’s ability to comprehensively reveal itself either only through speaking or writing or by both (Ysseldyke et al., 2006). Age, previous exposure to any form of education and parental cares have been identified as helpful factors in successfully determining the level a child with special needs may be placed (Ysseldyke et al., 2006; Converse, 2009). There are six levels altogether, and each level up represents a more complex stage in the child education. Level one questions are general questions and could cover questions such as the student’s personal information, location of objects, activities and routines, future predictions, etc. (Cline, 1992). Level two questions could cover areas on directions, experiences, preferences, schedules, etc. Level three questions cover past events, polite requests, opinions, logical deductions, future conditions, etc. Level four covers past actions, infinitives, describing, second conditional, etc. Level five has questions on present perfect simple, third conditional, suggestions, defining relative clauses, and generalizations. For the case of level six, the questions focuses on complains, regrets, future perfect simple, reported speech, etc. (Bartlett & Wegner, 1987). The following are the examples of six-levelled questions that could be prepared orally or in written form for children with special needs to answer: 3. Classroom Organization: Each child will seat on a chair across from a wide table and facing each other but not touching each other with their bodies to avoid distraction. I will stand at the middle of

Definition of honor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Definition of honor - Essay Example Concept Honor is a gesture or an attitude that others display for an individual for all the deeds and accomplishments that is earned or procured for the endeavor that is beyond the scope of a common man. It is an immense pride that any group of individuals or any nation exhibits towards the undertakings performed. Honor is an encouragement for others, an ethos and own confrontation clinched by any nation to recommend for all the actions that has made the result in its favor, may it be war where the bravery has turned the consequences in favor of the nation. May it be any sports accomplishment or any research that has brought glory to the nation in front of the entire world. A statement of belief or faith that a parents who worth the conception of reputation and examination would be lawfully conceited to comprise, a son or daughter entrust to (A Concept of Honor). Honor is also institutional that is regulated by the rules that one has to abide by. This Code of Honor should never be vi olated. The Code is equally applicable to all the laws and orders that any nation prescribes. Infringement of these laws is considered as a misconduct, such behavior brings defame or dishonor to any nation or an organization. These acts could be criminal or scandals that is against the set rules and regulations. Violations of laws are accountable to punishment, retributions or expulsions (A Concept of Honor). Thus, honor also encompasses an enormous pact of tasks. These responsibilities are being taught, guided and evaluated over the time as the providence of any organization or a country relies upon set guidelines. To receive and act dependably as well as sensibly is a great deal of responsibility. These principled as well as forfeited actions bring nobility to the institution. To procure graciousness and dignity for any nation it becomes imperative for every individual to work conscientiously and meticulously within the frames and parameters of the nation's rules and regulations. It is obvious that if any individual does wrong then it directly affects that pride of the organization (A Concept of Honor). It could be understood that by means of cultural unfairness or discriminations or by sustaining dual standards, conceit of the nation is influenced. It is imperative that for the sake of honor of any organization such strokes should be evaded. There could be a variety of condone to keep the spirits of the employees at a high pace and to let them enjoy the freedom of work. This not only promotes confidence and support in favor of the nation or the organization but also brings rewards and honor for the institution (A Concept of Honor). Rewards and honor could not be forced but they are self- generated by means of actions and the feeling of belongingness that an individual possess for the nation. Unless, this feeling of belongingness is generated from within, honor of any form can never be procured. This feeling is essential for the safety of nation and to eradi cate terrorism from its roots. It is observed that in some of the developing as well as developed nations women are highly ill-treated and there is little wages for their hardships. This could not bring any honor to the nation. It is therefore essential that both men and women work in co-ordination and respect for each other to bring pride, appreciation, magnificence and glory to the nation (Honor). Conclusion In social perspectives it is

Security Risks Associated With VoIP Implementation Research Paper

Security Risks Associated With VoIP Implementation - Research Paper Example Part 2 gives detailed descriptions of the testing or test cases. Part 3 discusses groups that will be affected by the tests. Part 4 discusses those who will be involved with testing. Part 5 discusses how results will be assessed. Part 6 gives the changes that will be made as a result of the testing. Part 7 discusses how to test the security risks in the 250K company. Chapter 4 gives the summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations. Many businesses internationally have applied Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as a substitute for the traditional Plain Old Telephone System (POTS) as stated by Ransome and Rittinghouse (2005, pp. 278-302). The improvement of VoIP offers a wide range of advantages ranging from saving of cost, efficiency in staff operations to offering improved shopping encounter for customers. These benefits go a long way in enhancing a business' competence and offers market leadership and dominance. Business management may be able to expand its competitive advantage by making use of the benefits that VoIP offers while considering some risks that should be dealt with by giving remedies and avoiding them altogether. The management of these risks is in the end the onus of the company management. These risks may range from compromising of high quality delivery, controlling of expenses that are security related to call hijacking among others. It is important to appreciate here that these risks offer huge drawbacks to business performance and their mitigation is a key factor that requires a great deal of management's attention. The paper is aimed at providing management with insight into what the risks of VoIP are. 1.2 Situational analysis In business, it is the task of the management to deploy, coordinate, allocate and combine inputs or resources in such a way that the goals of the organization are achieved as effectively as possible (Wallingford, 2005, pp. 245-263). In a business these resources are categorized into information, physical, human and financial resources. The former is quickly becoming one of the most important of the resources. The information resource consists of organized or processed data. The value of the information resource can also play a role in providing a business with a significant competitive advantage. Businesses are currently operating in the information era, wherein quality of information can establish the difference between successful and unsuccessful ventures. The factors that contribute to the quality of information have consequently become increasingly important. Completeness, timeliness, relevance and accuracy are, among other things, attributes of good quality information. Good qua lity information is communicated to the appropriate users before it is regarded as useful or valuable. Communication is the manner in which information is made accessible to other users, whereas telecommunications is the digital transmission of data or information from one terminal to another in terms of function and sophistication (Wallingford, 2005, pp. 245-263). Basic ways of communication include the use of telephones and fax. According to Wallingford (2005, pp. 245-263) the machines used in communication vary, whereby more technologically advanced and newer methods of communication

Women oppressed religion of christianity

Women oppressed religion of christianity Women are oppressed by the religion of Christianity This essay will attempt to explain some of the most important points related to oppression of women in Christianity. Clearly we can say that women in the old testament for generations waited to see the distinctive child, whose birth well planned before creation began, would bring a change to their life. They sacrificed their own necessity hopping that the promised Saviour would bring them away from suffering. So when the Christ arrived, was everything that women hoped for? Was the world Christmas baby worth to wait for? What would His come mean for women? And how would the promised saviour treat women? Limitations themselves are always shifting, and so the arguments over teachings and opinion are used as a channel into the progression of a cultural construction which characterize both aspect religious and cultural. Definitely the dogma of submission has alleviated over time ,but for many Christians the long-established tradition , still have some issue; at one side we find those who regards male guidance in marriage as largely symbolic and who consent women to partake in church assembly and leadership .At the other side we find those who clearly underline the diversity between man and women in almost every aspect of life . Jesus himself never label women. A womans importance is never determined by her , motherly, domestic or femininity functions, but by her connection with God. On one occasion ; a woman shouted out, Blessed is the woman who gave you birth and look after you. Jesus replied, Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and follow it. Definitely Jesus in every day talking, dealing, treating and caring of women is not only a perfect example of loving and respectful attitudes toward women. He left behind a delicate statement of who women are and how they should be treated. In the Gospel we find more then twenty episode in witch Jesus interact with women ,and also many of His teachings regards women daily doings ,such as backing bread ,housekeeping, shopping, pregnancy, breast feeding, so He would not disregard women at all. (Rebecca Jones pp116,118.) Jesus consistently uses women as examples of virtue. He also permits a woman to stay and listen to His teaching sit by his feet (Luke 10:39)-place usually taken by disciples. We have to say that Jewish priest or teachers of the law did not permit women disciples; certainly, Jesus followers often did send women out on the preaching missions ( Mark 6:7—13)probably confirmed scandalous from the cultural society of those years ; nonetheless, the ministry of Jesus and his Gospel confirm that women were involved throughout His life .Mary, Elizabeth, and Anna had a major rule in His childhood, amongst the thirty miracles recorded in the Gospel , over ten had focal point on women .They journeyed with Him even out into the wildernesses (cf. Origen,Adv. Cel.3.10), and would participate at most of Jesus teachings and ministry events .Women were present at the fit of the Cross and again the first to the tomb (Mt 28.1) also the first that the angels spoke with at the tomb (Mt 28.5) And of course is coming on earth became possible through the acceptance of a virgin ,Mary was not forced to accept God will ,and yet God became a man thanks to a woman .Then we find the first public miracle of Jesus was through intercession of a woman (His mother) ,which for many Christians ,is the female doorway through whom they familiarise with the divine. A woman that can be looked at , as chief, since she was a compassionate woman, she was a devoted follower, she did put everything she had at risk , and of course a kind-hearted mother, she lost her own son, and for many people a model of a very strong human being, a woman to be admired and to identify with . So clearly Jesus did teach women liberally, and from time to time in Rabbinical manner ( Luke 10.38-42). His approach were very unique and different from the Jewish traditions. In the Talmud, is stated , there is no knowledge in a woman , it is better that the script of the Law should be on fire, than that they have to be passed to a women .Jesus clearly separate himself from those religious tradition when he talks and teach to women and integrated them ,among his followers. Then how can we say, that His teachings and ministry brought women to the verge of oppression? We can prove that sun after Jesus death ,all His teaching started having some changing, immediately, with Saint Paul only few years after, we find the first discrimination about women , Two passages in Pauls letters appear to disagree with an approval of women in ministry. First, Paul instruct women to be quiet and keep their questions concerning the faith ,for their husbands at home (1 Corinthians 14:34—36),and then in 1 Timothy 2:11—15, Paul forbade women to instruct or use influence over men ,of course Paul really thought ,that the . husband should be as head of his wife and that she should been submitted to him, So the apostle Paul would not consent a woman to teach or to employ authority over a man. And again we find Pauls argument about Eves deception witch is even more likely to fit this category. So the deception of Eva excludes all women from teaching, and have words of authority in the new born church He claims, that women are more easily mislead than men which are probably considered by Paul far more superior then women ,that is way most likely God created first Adam ,story well reported in the genesis . On the other hand, pattern from church account cannot resolve the matter; we should establish our position from Scripture. since the current discussion is to be found especially about Pauls teaching, so we should examine his letters and come to a true conclusion . Paul received both the Judaic traditions and Jesus understanding as Gods Word, we have to analyse womens ministry and position on those basis. The ancient close by Eastern world, of which Israel was a fraction, was a mans territory . Since God gave the blessing to Israel in a particular culture, nevertheless, the fact suggest that the society itself was holy. The way of life included divorce, polygamy, slavery , and many of other way we now identify as unholy. The obedience of the wife to the husband would go without problem as the centre of a social cultural environment in which was founded the family order. Without doubt The first Christians were blamed of starting a new ideology revolutionizing what for century was the rule and tradition, so probably Paul required to give a message and show that Christians were not anarchists. Regarding Paul himself, we should answer the above suppositions saying ; Are those the teaching of a man with problems? or Paul was simply a misogynist ?perhaps he was amongst those who would not permit woman to teach or to employ authority over a man because he could not stand the idea of it ?.But if we look at Pauls background we can understand that he was a Pharisee ,so a man educated an grown according to Jewish rules and traditions, were relations between men and women were subjected to the lows .for example If a man would only lay a hand on a woman in the wrong time of the month he could get ritually impure himself, or ,along with every day prayers performed by Jewish men were some phrase such as ; Blessed Thou hart , o God because you did not created me a woman. So Paul grew up in a certain way of concerning women, and some of the comments he makes about women are definitely according to the law which he grow up with and those supposition could be easily be ascribed to his own background. Definitely with Paul women were complete constituent of the ministry, fully involved in the life of the new church ,and in need of his advice, support , amendment, and spiritual help as the men. For example in the baptismal formula used by Paul in Galatians 3:27-8: For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. We could look at different aspect ,for instance ,Paul mostly depended on women to help him in his teaching, and he shows that trough words of gratitude to them in his letters, by name he refers to Phoebe, a deaconess, who â€Å"has been a helper of many and of myself as well† (Romans 16:2 ), Euodia and Syntyche in Philippians who, he says, â€Å"laboured side by side with me in the gospel.† If he really despised marriage, would he have spoken so warmly and repeatedly of the couple Prisca and Aquila, whom he referred to as â€Å"my fellow workers in Christ Jesus who risked their necks for my life, to whom not only I, but also all the churches of the Gentiles give thanks.† (Romans 16:3-4) So is clearly showed that ,not only women are not the inferior gender when it comes to creation, but also in Christs church. Galatians 3:28 says.So in both, creation and church they are equally important .And no were we will find in the holy scripture, a phrase stating that women were inferior then man Genesis â€Å"So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them† Starting from the very begin ,we will find out that creation without women would have been terribly different , in the genesis ; The LORD God said, It is not good for the man to be alone. So immediately we find that the woman was necessary to improve the situation . She was in Gods plan ,deliberately created to be a co-worker with the Adam. The method of creation of Eve occupied a full involvement of the natureshe was formed from the same substance ( essentially and numerically) as the man, So the Woman was part of the original plan , was created at same image of God, was sovereign above the creation, with the man , was blessed by God, was given joint- accountability by God ,and was commanded rule and fill the earth with the man .If we take a look at historical passages to Christianity amazingly we will find a well-built picture of the women:They were essential to make the creation good (Gen 1.26-28) They shared joint liability with man to co-rule/fill the earth. (Gen 1.26-2) And more then fifty other episode in which women were prime part of Gods plan . regardless of the men status in ancient Israelite cultural society God occasionally called women as influential leader . When Josiah required to hear the word of God , he did send Hilkiah the cleric and others to someone who was certainly one of the main important prophet of his day: Huldah ( Kings 22:12—20). Deborah was a prophetess and a judge (Judges 4). She assumed a position of great influence in Israel . She was also amongst the few judges of whom the Bible reports no disappointment (Judges 4,5). The issue of a womans function in Christianity is a serious alarm for todays church. It is vital , in view of the fact that our necessity for the spiritual gifts of all the members that God has call to serve His Church. The alarm, nevertheless, is extending further than the Church itself progressively more ,year by year , and consequently material theorist attack Christianity as not in favour of women and as a result inappropriate to the modern world. So where democracy is established, and religion has separated from politics , some changing are needed ,and for sure some changing are taking place Bibliography Rebecca Jones, 2007- Does Christianity squash women ? published by Broadman and Holman,2005 -pp 116,118 Biblical resource .